Role of Custom Antibodies in Neurological DisordersRole of Custom Antibodies in Neurological Disorders
Role of Custom Antibodies in Neurological Disorders
The recent success of antibody engineering has enabled the targeting of complex antigen structures and opens new possibilities for medical research. In addition, this progress is enabling the development of targeted therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with unprecedented precision and customization. These advances have the potential to transform our understanding of disease mechanisms and improve patient care.
Neurological disorders, choosing medical laboratory tips as autoimmune encephalitis and Alzheimer’s disease, often have complex etiologies that involve the immune system. Antibody sequencing is a powerful tool to identify these underlying autoantibodies and may help in diagnosis and treatment. This article outlines how these technologies can be used in clinical practice to better understand the role of antineuronal antibodies in neurological disorders.
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In preclinical animal models, a selective depletion of pathogenic autoantibodies using immunoselective antibodies was shown to be effective in reducing clinical symptoms, accelerating remission and improving prognosis. This approach is now being translated to clinical trials in NMDAR encephalitis and MG. Moreover, it is likely that this technology could be used to target other neuroimmunologic disorders such as axonal polyradiculoneuropathy, stiff-person syndrome, refractory epileptic seizures and other conditions.
Increasing evidence links autoantibodies to slowly progressing neurological diseases including dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration. In particular, antibodies against LGI1 and NMDAR can be found in patients with a working diagnosis of Alzheimer’s or frontotemporal lobe dementia, whereas high antibody titers are associated with worse cognitive outcomes and larger MRI diffusion weighted imaging lesion volumes up to 3 years after stroke.…